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4 CONCLUSION A shared decision-making discussion with the pregnant patient about the risks and benefits of pharmacologic treatments used to help with quitting and the risks of continued tobacco or nicotine use is necessary, and treatment must be done under close supervision or referral to specialty care

Studies from those countries suggest the image-based labels are more effective than text warnings at publicizing smoking risks and encouraging smokers to quit

Individuals who smoke have up to a 40% higher chance of developing diabetes than someone who has never smoked

Archived from the original on 4 September 2015

Exposure to tobacco smoke and low birth weight: from epidemiology to metabolomics